Chapitre 2a:réactions acides-bases

Dans ce module, nous allons examiner l’un des principaux types de réaction de la chimie. Les réactions peuvent effectivement être classés en trois grandes catégories : – réactions acides-bases -réactions  d’oxydo-réduction(rédox) . -réactions de solubilité (de dissolution et de précipitation) Les deux derniers types de réaction seront vus dans d’autres sections de nos leçons. Ici nous […]

Chapitre 1:histoire de la chimie

Il est souvent utile d’étudier  l’histoire et l’évolution de la science et de voir surtout les étapes les plus importantes de celle-ci dans chaque spécialité. C’ est ainsi que nous allons commencer nos cours sur la chimie. D’après ce qu’on sait, la chimie a commencé avec la découverte du feu qui est essentiellement la combustion […]

Chapter 5 : exercices and exam questions (probability)

Problem 1: A marketing survey indicates that 60% of the population owns an automobile, 30% owns a house, and 20% owns both an automobile and house. Calculate the probability that a person chosen at random owns an automobile or a house, but not both. (A) 0.4               (B) 0.5                     (C) 0.6               (D) 07              (E) 09 Problem […]

Chapter2: torque and angular momentum in circular motion

Definitions: the torque and angular momentum are defined as vector products of position, force and momentum. Suppose a forceacts on a particle whose position with respect to the origin 0 is the displacement vector . Then the torque “about the point 0 and acting on the particle,” is defined as: Now suppose the particle has […]

Chapter 1: uniform circular motion

When an object has a circular motion even though its speed is constant, it is nonetheless accelerating because according to newton’s 1st law: an object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted on by an external force. So if the object was to be free in space then of course it will […]

گروه همیاری دانش اموختگان ایرانی مقیم اروپا

   -این گروه هیچگونه وابستگی به سازمان و یا دولت ویا تشکیلاتی را ندارد و تمامی مخارج ان از  کمکهای انسان   دوستانه تامین می شود .به همین دلیل توان مالی بسیار زیادی نداشته و تعداد معدودی بورس تحصیلی        در اختیار نوابغی که به علت فقر خانوادگی و یا هر دلیل دیگری قادر […]

Chapter 7 : Photosynthesis

                                 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy. Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost the entire living worlds -Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms -Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing […]

Chapter 6 : cellular energy production

                                        AEROBIC WAY The citric acid cycle completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules. In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion. Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to […]

Chapter 5 : bioenergetics

                         Introduction to bioenergetics Cellular respiration is composed of three topics: Redox reactions (oxidation-reduction) Electron transport chain Glycolysis In fact living cells require energy from outside sources. Some animals obtain energy by eating plants and some others feed on other organisms that eat plants, and […]