Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy. Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost the entire living worlds -Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms -Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing […]
Posts in the College – Main subjects category:
Chapter 6 : cellular energy production
AEROBIC WAY The citric acid cycle completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules. In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion. Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to […]
Chapter 5 : bioenergetics
Introduction to bioenergetics Cellular respiration is composed of three topics: Redox reactions (oxidation-reduction) Electron transport chain Glycolysis In fact living cells require energy from outside sources. Some animals obtain energy by eating plants and some others feed on other organisms that eat plants, and […]
Chapter 1: sequences and series
Sequences and series Consider the following sum: The dots at the end indicate that the sum goes on forever. Does this make sense? Can we assign a numerical value to an infinite sum? While at first it may seem difficult or impossible, we have certainly done something similar when we talked about […]
Chapter 4: enzyme substrate complex
Substrate specificity of enzymes -The reaction that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate. -The enzyme binds to its substrate forming an enzyme-substrate complex -The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. -Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance […]
Chapter 3 : cellular metabolism
Cellular metabolism – Metabolic path ways – Thermodynamics – Free energy – Introduction to enzymes Overview: the energy of life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur.The […]
Chapter 4 : Bayes rule
Total Probability, Bayes rule, Tree diagrams Probability spaces: Sample space S, Probability measure P Σ p(si) = 1 si<1 Event E is a subset of S, so: p(E) = Σ (ps) S<E Definition: events A and B are independent so P(A ∩ B)=P(A) P(B), We can extend this to more than 2 subsets: A,B,C S , A,B,C=events, […]
Chapter 2: basic counting and probability
Basic counting and probability Let’s count the number of words of length K with n letters ( repetition is authorized): So we have A , B , B ,A , C , (K = 5 n= 3 ) generally we can wright (n exponant k ) words. […]
Chapter 1: Genetic engineering
GENETIC ENGINEERING Definition: Direct and deliberate modification of an organism’s genome. Spotlights and topics in genetic engineering Hybridization Genetic tools DNA analysis (electrophoresis and PCR) Recombinant DNA technology Gene therapy Genome analysis (fingerprinting and microarray) HYBRIDIZATION Allows identification of an unknown organism by looking at its DNA sequence. Hybridization use a DNA that binds complementary […]
Chapter 1: Probability ( basic review of sets)
Definition : A set is a collection of mathematical or every kind of elements e.g A = {1,2,3,4,6,Δ,a} .1,2,3,4,6,Δ,a are called elements of the set A and the size of elements is the absolute value of A = !A! (that is the absolute avalue of total number of elements) .In this case the size of A is 7 […]